Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstrak

Cacat Dan Prestasi Melalui Pengalaman Komunikasi Atlet Penyandang Cacat

Disertasi dengan judul Cacat dan Prestasi Melalui Pengalaman Komunikasi Atlet Penyandang Cacat ini, bertujuan untuk memahami makna kecacatan, status sebagai atlet berprestasi dan pengalaman komunikasi menurut sudut pandang atlet penyandang cacat berprestasi. Pemaknaan ini juga ditinjau dari proses konstruksi makna yang melibatkan aspek interaksi atlet penyandang cacat dengan lingkungannya. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan paradigma konstruktivisme, dan jenis studi fenomenologi. Subjek penelitiannya adalah atlet penyandang cacat berprestasi di Kota Bandung yang dipilih secara puposif. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, pengamatan peran serta, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan, bahwa: pemaknaan yang dimiliki atlet penyandang cacat berprestasi mengenai kecacatan dikembangkan melalui kesadaran, perasaan dan perlakuan yang diterima, dan menjadi sekumpulan pengetahuan, sehingga mendorong mereka untuk memiliki istilah yang menjadi preferensi tersendiri. Sedangkan makna status atlet berprestasi dikembangkan melalui kemunculan sejumlah motif, upaya, tindak lanjut dan interaksi dengan pihak-pihak yang dianggap berperan dalam pencapaian prestasi mereka, serta perlakuan yang diterima setelah menjadi atlet penyandang cacat berprestasi. Atlet penyandang cacat berprestasi memaknai kecacatan dari sudut pandang terminologi, ciri-ciri, dampak, kelebihan yang dimiliki, serta hikmah yang diperoleh dari kecacatan yang dialaminya. Adapun status sebagai atlet berprestasi dimakna sebagai sebuah identitas sosial yang membedakan antara diri dengan penyandang cacat yang lain, menjadikannya sebagai individu yang lebih dihargai keberadaannya, diakui kemampuannya, dianggap memiliki kegunaan, dan kualitas hidup yang lebih baik serta dapat dijadikan contoh keteladanan. Sedangkan pengalaman komunikasi atlet penyandang cacat dengan lingkungan, meliputi pengalaman komunikasi yang positif dan negatif, serta dihasilkan dari interaksi dengan keluarga, lembaga dan masyarakat.

The objectives of this dissertation entitled Disabilities and Achievement through the Communication Experiences of Disabled Athletes were to understand the meaning of disabilities, the status as excelled athletes, and the communication experience from the perspective of those excelled disabled athletes. The interpretation also derived from the meaning construction process which involved the interaction between those athletes and the surrounding neighborhood. This research used qualitative approach with the constructivism paradigm and phenomenological form of study. The subjects were excelled athletes with disabilities which were purposively selected. Data were collected through in depth interviews, participative observations, and literature studies. The results of this research revealed that the interpretation about disabilities which was acquired by excelled disabled athletes was developed by their awareness, emotions and treatments they received. These factors were then constructed as a set of experience. The set led them to find their own terms which became their particular preferences. Meanwhile, the meaning of their status as excelled athletes was developed through some motives, efforts, follow up actions and interactions with some people who were regarded to have significant roles in their achievement, and also treatments they received after they became so-called excelled athletes with disabilities. Excelled athletes with disabilities interpreted their unique condition from the perspective of terminology, characteristics, effects, advantages, and positive consequences they have from the disabilities. The status itself was regarded as a social identity which distinguished them from the other disabled people. It brought them became individuals who gained more respects and regarded as people with a better quality of life which could be taken as significant raw models. Furthermore, the communication experiences between the athletes and their neighborhood were influenced by their positive and negative experience while communicating each other, and were also resulted from the interactions with relatives, institutions, and people within the society where they mostly live.

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