Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstrak

Does the establishment of universal health coverage drive the foundation of postgraduate education for primary care physicians?

Latar belakang: Pengembangan program pendidikan pasca sarjana bagi dokter di layanan primer di negara yang telah mencapai Jaminan Kesehatan Semesta (JKS) sangat penting dipelajari dalam mendukung negara berkembang yang sedang menuju pencapaian JKS tahun 2030. Review ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran pendidikan pasca sarjana bagi dokter di layanan primer di negara-negara yang telah mencapai JKS. Metode: Sebuah review terhadap literatur yang dipublikasi dan dokumen resmi yang diperoleh dari laman berbagai organisasi kesehatan dan perkumpulan dokter di layanan primer regional maupun global seperti World Health Organization (WHO), World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA), European Forum for Primary Care, European Union of General Practitioners (GP)/Family Physicians (FP), European Academy of Teachers in GP/Family Medicine (FM), serta laman organisasi dokter praktik umum/keluarga di berbagai negara. Daftar negara yang telah mencapai JKS diidentifikasi melalui basis data WHO dan International Labor Organization. Hasil: Sejumlah 72 negara yang telah mencapai JKS berhasil diidentifikasi. Pendidikan pasca sarjana bagi dokter di layanan primer ditemukan di 62 (86%) negara. Pernyataan bahwa pengembangan pendidikan terkait dengan kebijakan JKS ditemukan pada 11 (18%) negara. Terdapat berbagai nama program, yang tersering “general practice” dan “family medicine”. Di 33 negara (53%), pendidikan wajib diikuti oleh mereka yang ingin berpraktik di layanan primer. Lama pendidikan berkisar antara 2–6 tahun, dengan jumlah terbanyak tiga tahun. Kesimpulan: JKS bukanlah alasan utama pengembangan pendidikan pasca sarjana bagi dokter di layanan primer. Akan tetapi, hampir semua negara yang telah mencapai JKS berupaya serius mengembangkan pendidikan tersebut sebagai bagian dari reformasi kesehatan dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan nasional.

Background: Studying the formation of postgraduate training in primary care within countries which has attained Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is important to support the development of similar training in low-and middle-income countries aiming to achieve UHC by 2030. This review aims to describe the state of postgraduate training for primary care physicians in UHC-attaining countries. Methods: A literature review of published literature and official documents from the websites of regional and global health/primary care organizations or societies such as World Health Organization (WHO), World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA), European Forum for Primary Care, European Union of General Practitioners (GP)/Family Physicians (FP), European Academy of Teachers in GP/ Family Medicine (FM), as well as the websites of GP/FP organizations in each of the respective countries. The list of UHC attained countries were identified through WHO and International Labor Organization databases. Results: A total number of 72 UHC-attained countries were identified. Postgraduate education for primary care physicians exists in 62 countries (86%). Explicit statements that establish primary care postgraduate training were corresponded with the policy on UHC is found in 11 countries (18%). The naming of the program varies, general practice and family medicine were the commonest. In 33 countries (53%), physicians are required to undertake training to practice in primary level. The program duration ranged from 2–6 years with 3 years for the majority. Conclusion: Although UHC is not the principal driving force for the establishment of postgraduate training for primary care physicians in many countries, most UHCattaining countries make substantial endeavor to ensure its formation as a part of their health care reform to improve national health.