Abstrak 
Indonesian Higher Education Gaps In Access And School Choice
Mohamad Fahmi
Universitas Padjadjaran, Education and Globalization in Southeast Asia : Issues and Challenges. ISBN 978-981-4762-90-8 (soft cover), ISBN 978-981-4762-91-5 (e-book PDF), 2017, ISEAS Publishing, 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119614
Bahasa Inggris
Universitas Padjadjaran, Education and Globalization in Southeast Asia : Issues and Challenges. ISBN 978-981-4762-90-8 (soft cover), ISBN 978-981-4762-91-5 (e-book PDF), 2017, ISEAS Publishing, 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119614
Indonesian Higher Education
Most research on school choice and academic achievement focus on the outcome in terms of either standardized exam scores or upper secondary graduation. However, instead of using these measures some economists place more emphasis on higher education attendance as an indicator of school performance. Using various methods, numerous studies have analysed the effect of school choice on secondary school and higher education or college attendance. A significant proportion of these studies focused on and evaluated the performance of Catholic, private and public secondary schools. Some studies in developed countries have found that Catholic or private schooling has a positive effect on academic achievement or earnings. Evans and Schwab (1995) found that attending a Catholic high school increases the probability of graduating from high school or participating in a four-year college course by 13 percentage points. Likewise, Neal (1997) found that urban minorities benefit greatly from attending primary Catholic schools as their probability of high school and college graduate rates increased. Vella (1998) also found that, despite the tuition fee being relatively low, attending an Australian Catholic School increases the probability of access to higher education and higher earnings. Using a quantile regression approach, Eide, Goldhaber and Showalter (2004) found that students attending a Catholic high school in the United States will more likely lead to attendance at a selective four-year college relative to students attending public high schools. Altonji, Elder and Taber (2005) developed a new technique of assessing selectivity bias in the absence of valid instruments based on measuring the ratio of selection on unobservable variables to estimate the effect of attending Catholic school on college attendance. They found that Catholic high school attendance substantially increases the probability of college attendance.