Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstrak

Pencarian Agen Antifertilitas Dari Tumbuhan Indonesia Sebagai Penurun Kualitas Spermatozoa

Daun kemuning (Murraya paniculata), batang ki urat (Plantago major), batang pulai (Alstonia scholaris), bunga kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa sinensis), tangkai sirih (Piper betle), akar 10 encok (Plumbago zeylamica, dan biji pepaya (Carica papaya), diketahui mempunyai efek antifertilitas dapat menurunkan kualitas sperma. Dari tumbuhan-tumbuhan tersebut belum ditemukan senyawa aktifnya, kecuali dari daun kemuning telah ditemukan satu senyawa yaitu lufeol asetat. Dari hasil skrining menunjukkan bahwa semua tumbuhan dapat menurunkan kualitas sperma yaitu menurunkan motilitas dan viabilitas, serta menaikkan abnormalitas. Ekstrak metanol kulit batang pulai (A. scholaris), pada konsentrasi 12,5 ng/ul, menunjukkan aktivitas yang cukup tinggi, ekstrak metanol batang (A.scholaris) dapat menurunkan viabilitas (50%) dan motilitas (32%), serta menaikkan abnonnalitas (104%). Dalam rangka mencari senyawa antifertilitas yang potensial sebagai penurun kualitas sperma, maka pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri senyawa aktif antifertilitas dari kulit batang pulai (A. scholaris). Dengan demikian, dapat diperoleh karakteristik senyawa dan data aktivitas antifertil dari tumbuhan terpilih. Langkah kerja yang dilakukan meliputi isolasi senyawa dengan teknik ekstraksi dan fraksionasi, pemisahan dan pemumian dengan teknik kromatografi vakum dan gravitasi, penentuan struktur senyawa dengan teknik spektroskopi pada setiap tahap pemisahan dipantau dengan uji aktivitas. Uji aktivitas dilakukan secara in vitro terhadap sperma manusia.

The leaves of kemuning (Murraya paniculata), tree trunk of ki urat (Plantago major), tree trunk of pulai (Alstonia scholaris), flower of hibicus (Hibiscus rosa sinensis), leaves stalk of sirih (Piper betle), the root of ki encok (Plumbago zeylamica, and seed of pepaya (Carica papaya), have been known to possess an antifertility effect, they can cause decreasing of quality of sperm. The active compounds of these plants have not yet been known, except [ufeol acetate from the leaves of M paniculata. The result of screening showed that any plants decreased the quality of sperm that are motility and viability, and increased abnormality. Methanol extract of tree trunk of pulai (A. scholaris) at concentration of 12,5 ng/ul. decreased viability (50%) and motility (32%), and increased abnormality (104%). In the frame of research to search the compound that has a potentially antifertility activity as the decreasing quality of sperm. Hence the objective of this research is to search the antifertility compound from tree trunk of pulai (A. scholaris). Thereby, the characteristic of the compound and data of antifertility activity of chosen plant can be obtained. Steps of research activities involved isolation process of the compound to be perform with extraction and fractionation techniques, determination of compound structure with are ultraviolet, infra red, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques. In every step of separation monitoring with bioassay. Bioassay carried out in vitro testing to human sperm. From extract of tree trunk of A. scholaris has been obtained an active isolate A3.9. Isolate A3.9 was obtained as the white crystal in needle which has melting point 196-197°C. Isolate can decreased viability (41%), motility (65%), and increased abnormality (112%). Isolate A3.9 was triterpenoid compound and has been identified as p-amirin which chemical sructure asfollows: