Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstrak

Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Perdagangan Wanita Di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

Permasalahan pokok penelitian ini adalah implementasi kebijakan penanggulangan perdagangan wanita di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara belum berjalan sebagaimana yang diharapkan, ditandai dengan masih banyaknya kasus-kasus yang muncul sejak Perda penanggulangan perdagangan wanita diberlakukan tahun 2004. Karena itu peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi kebijakan penanggulangan perdagangan wanita di Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif berupa studi kasus. Dipilih studi kasus agar terbuka lebar kesempatan penelitian emik yakni menyajikan pandangan subyek yang diteliti yaitu implementor, tokoh agama, penegak hukum dan korban. Didukung dokumen, riwayat kasus, berita koran serta pelaksanaan triangulasi untuk menjamin akurasi data, informan maupun metode. Teknik yang digunakan berupa wawancara mendalam, observasi baik langsung maupun partisipatif. Dalam wawancara mendalam terutama terhadap korban diperlukan kehati-hatian serta kejelian menerjemahkan “bahasa tubuh”, terutama menghadapi korban yang dalam keadaan tertekan dan ketakutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan penanggulangan perdagangan manusia di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, ternyata merupakan proses administrasi dan politik. Proses administrasi digambarkan melalui peranan isi kebijakan yang meliputi kepentingan-kepentingan mereka yang terpengaruh, tipe manfaat, derajad perubahan, letak pengambilan keputusan, implementor, dan komitmen implementor terhadap alokasi sumberdaya. Proses politik digambarkan melalui peranan konteks implementasi yang meliputi kekuasaan, kepentingan dan strategi aktor yang terlibat, karakteristik institusi dan regim yang berkuasa, dan akhirnya kepatuhan dan respon pelaksana dalam menanggapi kebutuhan kelompok sasaran. Implementasi kebijakan penanggulangan perdagangan manusia telah berjalan meskipun belum berhasil sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Hal ini disebabkan karena secara teknis masalahnya sangat kompleks, perubahan yang diharapkan sangat besar dibanding status quo, begitu banyak aktor yang terlibat, sasaran-sasaran bervariasi, rumusan tujuan yang kurang jelas, serta pencapaiannya yang memerlukan waktu lama. Temuan baru dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa dalam konteks implementasi khususnya kepatuhan dan respon, peranan pengawasan belum tertata dengan baik, implementor yang belum berperspektif feminis serta pentingnya peranan jejaring kerja diantara aktor dan lembaga masyarakat dalam implementasi kebijakan penanggulangan perdagangan wanita.

The local regulation of the women trafficking in North Sulawesi province was enacted since 2004. However surprisingly the implementation of this policy was not decreasing the number of women trafficking cases in the area. This research is trying to address the underlying problem that seems to hinder the proper implementation of the woman trafficing law. This research was using case study qualitative research method. The choosing of case study was necessary in order to apply emic research approach which presenting the opinion from the subject side, which are implementor, religion elders, law enforcer and victims. Then supported by documents, archival records, interview and observation as well as triangulation. Sensitivity and caution needed especially when interviewing the victim-e.g. understanding their body language-knowing the fact that these people had undergone such a terible pain and fear. Studies shown that the implementation of women trafficking policy, in fact was an administrative and political process. The administration process showed by the role of the content of policy which covered the following aspect: interests affected, type of benefits, extend of change envisioned, site of decision making, program implementors and resources committed. On the other hand, the political process showed by the role of the context of implementation such as power, interests and strategy of actors involved, institution and regime characteristic, as well as compliance and responsiveness. In addition, this research discover that although the local policy regarding women trafficking in the North Sulawesi Province is already implemented, the outcome is not reaching the expectation. The problem includes the complex technical features, comprehensive change from status quo, multi actor targets, multi goal objectives, ambiguous and unclear goals, and the fact that the duration of the implementation itself needed a long period of time. Finally, a new finding emerge that in term of the implementation context particularly the compliance and responsiveness aspect, the role of controlling was not managed well, most of the actors involved in the implementation of the local woman trafficing policy did not have a sufficient feminist perspective and the networking among actors and NGOs took an important role when dealing with “woman slavery”.

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