Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

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Kadar Protein S-100 Serum Penderita Fraktur Oromaksilofasial yang Disertai Cedera Kepala Ringan

Penderita fraktur oromaksilofasial sering disertai dengan cedera kepala karena letak dan strukturnya yang berdekatan. Penilaian kemungkinan untuk lesi intrakranial setelah cedera kepala ringan merupakan tantangan utama dalam mendiagnosisnya. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan biomarker (petanda biokimia) protein S-100 serum yang merupakan protein neuron-spesifik. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menilai peningkatan kadar protein S-100 serum dan melihat perbedaannya berdasarkan lokasi fraktur oromaksilofasial pada cedera kepala ringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus kontrol yang dilakukan di RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan November 2010–Januari 2011. Sampel berjumlah 76 orang yang terdiri atas 38 penderita dewasa fraktur oromaksilofasial disertai dengan cedera kepala ringan dan 38 orang dewasa sehat sebagai kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada penderita fraktur oromaksilofasial dengan cedera kepala ringan diperoleh kadar protein S-100 serum rata-rata meningkat sebanyak dua kali lipat, yang secara statistik signifikan dengan t hitung=2,26 atau nilai p=0,0135. Bila kelompok penderita yang satu dibandingkan dengan kelompok penderita lainnya, maka didapatkan hasil yang tidak signifikan secara statistik atau dapat dikatakan mempunyai kadar protein S-100 serum yang sama. Simpulan, pada penderita dewasa fraktur oromaksilofasial disertai cedera kepala ringan terdapat peningkatan kadar protein S-100 serum dan tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar protein S-100 serum berdasarkan lokasi fraktur oromaksilofasial.

Oromaxillofacial fracture is often accompanied by head injury due to its adjacent location and structure. Risk estimation for clinically relevant intracranial lesions after minor head injury remains a major diagnostic challenge. One possible method to evaluate the possibility of intracranial lesion is by using biomarkers (biochemical marker) protein S-100. Protein S-100 is a neuron-specific protein. The aim of present study was to assess the elevated levels of S-100 protein serum and to investigate whether there was any difference in the S-100 protein serum concentrations depending on the location of the oromaxillofacial fractures in mild head injury. This study was performed using analytic observational method with case control research design conducted at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung between November 2010 and January 2011. There were 76 samples, comprised of 38 adult patients with oromaxillofacial and mild head injury and 38 healthy adults as a control group. The result showed that there was an increase level of S-100 protein serum concentrations in patients having oral and maxillofacial fractures with mild head injury. The concentration increased on average twice as much, which was statistically significant at t test=2.26 with p-value=0.0135. If one group of patients was compared with other patient groups, however, the results were not statistically significant, or it can be stated to have the same level of S-100 protein serum concentrations. In conclusion, oral and maxillofacial fractures in adult patients with mild head injury have elevated levels of S-100 protein serum concentrations and there is no difference in S-100 protein serum concentrations based on the location of oromaxillofacial fractures in mild head injury.