Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstrak

Konstruksi Makna Penyandang Filariasis Studi Fenomenologis Tentang Konstruksi Makna Penyandang Filariasis Dalam Komunikasi Risiko Kesehatan Di Kabupaten Bandung

Keberadaan penyandang filariasis menjadi perhatian publik sejak pemberitaan tewasnya sembilan warga yang diduga akibat pengobatan massal. Sebagai penyandang neglected desease dan silent desease, keberadaannya melalui pengungkapan makna diri yang sakit, cacat, pengobatan, informasi risiko filariasis, pengobatan massal dan konsep diri, menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini. Dengan pendekatan fenomenologis, terungkap bahwa makna diri yang ditentukan oleh jenis kelamin dan awal usia sakit mengakibatkan makna diri sakit yang pasrah, putus asa, tidak menyerah dan bahkan makna diri tidak sakit sedangkan cacat akibat filariasis dimaknai memalukan, perlu dikasihani, dan pendorong semangat. Pengobatan medis yang dimaknai terlalu prosedural, mahal, mengesalkan dan pengobatan tradisional yang dimaknai tidak memberikan harapan, membuat terhentinya pengobatan. Informasi risiko yang searah, tidak terbuka, tidak jujur dari dokter, dan berita yang berlebihan dari televisi dimaknai sebagai menakut-nakuti dan membingungkan, sekalipun ada yang memaknainya dapat dipercaya. Pengobatan massal berhasil mengembangkan konsep diri yang lebih positif walaupun sebagian masih dengan konsep diri yang negatif.

The existence of persons with filariasis became public attention since the news release of nine persons who presumably died after participating in mass medical treatment. This study was aimed to elucidate the meanings of self-sickness, self-disability, medication, filariasis risk information, mass medical treatment and self-concept. The use of phenomenological approach suggested that self-meaning affected by sex and initial age of illness had defined the sufferers as person with resignation, person in despair, never-surrender person and person with no illness. Furthermore, persons with filariasis interpreted their disability as self-humiliating, needs to be pitied, but in some cases even as a driving spirit. Most people with filariasis had not sought treatment anymore because of the undertaken medical treatments were perceived as too procedural, expensive and frustrating. Meanwhile, the traditional treatments were perceived by some persons with filariasis as being hopeless. Linear, inaccurate and dishonest risk information from the doctor and news exaggeration by mass media has been perceived by some as reliable, but mostly frightening and confusing. Mass medical treatments had developed a more positive self-concept for most people, but not for few others that remained to be negative.