Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstrak

Bioremediasi Lumpur Minyak Bumi Dengan Zeolit Dan Mikroorganisme Serta Pengujiannya Terhadap Tanaman Sengon ( Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen )-Oily sludge bioremediation with zeolite and microorganism and it’s Test with Albizia Plant ( Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen )

Telah dilakukan penelitian bioremediasi lumpur minyak bumi dengan zeolit dan mikroorganisme yaitu dengan bakteri Pseudomonas mallei, Bacillus alvei dan Bacillus nigricans dengan sengon (Pasaserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) sebagai tanaman uji. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahap (1) penggunaan zeolit sebagai penyerap logam berat (2) penggunaan konsorsium bakteri, jamur dan mikroorganisme indigenous pada setiap taraf lumpur minyak dengan zeolit optimum hasil percobaan pertama (3) pengujian medium hasil bioremediasi dengan sengon sebagai tanaman uji. Hasil uji TCLP menunjukan bahwa zeolit dapat menurunkan kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni dan Zn. Konsentrasi lumpur minyak 20% dan zeolit 10% dapat menurunkan kadar logam berat seng (Zn) 40%, kandungan minyak dan poliaromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) masing-masing sebesar 23,18% dan 14,16% serta berpengaruh terhadap jumlah jamur dan bakteri. Penggunaan bakteri Pseudomonas mallei, Bacillus alvei dan Bascillus sphaericus pada lumpur minyak 20% dan zeolit 10% dapat menurunkan kandungan Zn sebesar 16,17%, kandungan minyak dan poliaromatik hidrokarbon masing-masing sebesar 18,76% dan 10,34%. Sedangkan penggunaan jamur Aspergillus oryzae, Glicladium roseum dan Penicillium nigricans menurunkan kandungan Zn 10,8%, kandungan minyak dan poliaromatik hidrokarbon masing-masing sebesar 12,99% dan 10, 47%. Berpengaruh terhadap jumlah mikroorganisme yang ditandai dengan adanya aktifitas enzim protease masing-masing sebesar 2760 unit dan 2700 unit. Biomasa tanaman sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) sebagai tanaman uji mengalami pertumbuhan 6,83 g, sedangkan dengan penambahan inokulan jamur biomasa tanaman sengon sebesar 3,87 g, kandungan logam berat Zn dan PAH sebelum dan setelah penanaman sengon menurun masing-masing sebesar 15,6% dan 23,6%.

A research of oily sludge bioremediation with zeolite and microorganisms adding Pseudomonas mallei, Bacillus alvei, Bacillus sphaericus bacteria and Aspergillus oryzae, Gliocladium roseum and Penicillium nigricans fungi with albizia (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) as test plant has been conducted. The research consist of three steps (1) using zeolite as heavy metal adsorbent (2) adding and using bacteria, fungi and indigenous microorganism (natural) consortium on every level of oily sludge with optimum zeolite as a result of the first research (3) medium testing as a result of oily sludge bioremediation with albizia as a test plant. The result showed that generally zeolite 10% in oily sludge 20% with the use of bacteria was able to decrease heavy metal zinc (Zn) 40%, oil content also polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) 23.18% and 14.16% respectively and influence to number of fungi but not associated with bacteria community. Oily sludge 20% and zeolite10% decrease content of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn using TCLP. Bioremediation using bacteria decrease content of Zn 16.17%, oil content also reduce content of Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) 18.76% and 10.34% respectively. On site treatment using fungi achieving removal rates of Zn 10.8%, oil content also PAH were 12.99% and 10.47%. The utilizing bacteria and fungi to degrade oil sludge mixed in the soil as land treatment associated with microbial density and activity protease enzyme 2760 and 2700 units, the processes employed were shown to number of bacteria and fungi. The growth and biomass of albizia as test plant in bacteria medium was 6.83 g, and the positive impact in fungi in fungi medium growth 3.87 g, compared with control. Before and the end of plant test content of metal Zn and PAH decreases at 15.6% and 23.6 respectively.