Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

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Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kawasan Perbatasan (Studi Pnpm Mandiri Perdesaan Kecamatan Paloh Kabupaten Sambas)

Kawasan perbatasan Kalimantan Barat memiliki panjang sekitar 847 km melintasi lima Kabupaten dan enam belas Kecamatan, kondisi masyarakat miskin dan marginal, terungkap infrastruktur tidak mendukung kondisi tersebut pemerintah mengantisipasi dalam melaksanakan Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM). Penelitian ini mempergunakan pendekatan metode kulitatif, dilaksanakan sebagai upaya untuk menemukan data yang lebih mendalam tentang pelaksanaan dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan PNPM di perbatasan paloh, sambas, Kalimantan barat. Masyarakat dilibatkan dalam penyusunan rencana kegiatan Program Nasional Perberdayaan Mayarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Perdesaan. Mulai dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan dan evaluasi. Dengan demikian ada tanggung-jawab secara moral mensukseskan program yang dilaksanakan di daerah mereka. Keterlibatan aparat pemerintah dalam menentukan jenis kegiatan kelompok masyarakat perbatasan Paloh dinilai sebagai penyimpangan terhadap tujuan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Keterlibatan aparat pemerintah ada kekawatiran Apabila kegagalan pelaksanaan sebagai fasilitator di kecamatan dan desa ditegur oleh atasan, disinyalir kegagalan dan ketakutan itu cenderung mendominasi kinerja aparat pemerintah dalam PNPM. Indikator SPP (simpan pinjam perempuan) yang mendapat dana tersebut adalah keluarga dekat kepala desa dan keluarga calon legislatif. Sebenarnya penerima simpan pinjam dan usaha kecil adalah penduduk miskin, yang di sinyalir dengan adanya ikatan kekerabatan dan koleha, diantara petugas dan aparat pemerintah dengan masyarakat, pelaksanaan kegiatan ini terungkap secara emosional dan nyatanya tidak rasional. Kurangnya partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan dari ketua dan anggota kelompok masyarakat perbatasan Paloh berkaitan dengan kurangnya partisipasi dalam identifikasi masalah. Tidak mengherankan jika anggota kelompok masyarakat perbatasan Paloh sebagai peserta pemberdayaan kurang berpartisipasi dalam proses pembuatan keputusan. Jenis kegiatan umumnya ditentukan oleh pihak pemerintah (aparat pemerintah), dari proses PNPM di kawasan perbatasan Paloh, pelaksanaan simpan pinjam perempuan dan usaha kecil tidak berhasil dan tidak tepat sasaran, banyak yang menunggak anggsuran pinjaman. Disisi lain pemerintah daerah kurang memperhatikan SDA yang ada untuk di kelolah secara mandiri dan partisipatif.

Border line area of West Kalimantan spans around 847 km, covering five Regencies and sixteen sub district. The conditions of population in the area is marginal and its infrastructures are inadequate. As an anticipation, the government implements a National Community Empowerment Program (PNPM). In Paloh border it is revealed that the result is not as demanded and expected by community. This research used a qualitative method approach, that was conducted as an attempt to obtain deeper data on the researched phenomenon. Therefore, it was needed a holistic approach, seeking to develop a relation with the revealed study object. Community was involved in developing an action plan particularly in a Village Self-Sufficient PNPM. It involved community from the stages of planning, implementation, supervision, to evaluation. Therefore, there was a moral responsibility to make the program implemented in their area successful. Publicofficials (Patron) were involved in deciding the types of community (Client) group actions in Paloh borders, thus it could be considered as a deviation to the rules and goals of community empowerment. In line with the research findings, if there were a failure in implementation, a facilitator would be censured by the superior. It was indicated that failure and fear of being punished by the superior inclined to predominate public officials in PNPM. Other finding was that they received someWomen Saving-Borrowing moneys. It was revealed that those who received the moneys were the close families of the Village Head and that of candidate legislators, whereas the receipt of such saving-borrowing dan small business funds should be poor people who in fact were marginalized and it was indicatedthat there was a patronage-client tie in the implementation of activities conducted emotionally and really irrational. The lack of participation of Paloh border community group head and members in decision making was a continuation of the lack of participation in problem identification. Viewed from the research findings, it was not surprising that Paloh border community group members as the participants in empowerment had not played a role and less participated in decision making processes. The types of activities implemented were generally decided by the government (public officers). This was very positive. From the variable of the implementation of physical developments, such the roads from village to dusun, it was traced the results of findings that PNPM in Paloh border area the implementation of women saving-borrowing and small businesses was unsuccessful and out of target, many were in arrears of their loan settlement. This was because the local government was not in the same direction and didn’t pay attention to natural resources available to manage as the capitals of small businesses and saving-borrowing to be education for local community.

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