Abstrak
Eksplorasi, Identifikasi dan Analisis Keragaman Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Hanjeli (Coix lacryma jobi L.) sebagai Sumber Bahan Pangan Berlemak di Jawa Barat
Warid Ali Qosim, Tati Nurmala
Unpad, Pangan Vol. 20 No. 4 Desember 2011:365-376
Indonesia
Unpad, Pangan Vol. 20 No. 4 Desember 2011:365-376
diversity, eksplorasi, Exploration, hanjeli, Job's tears, keragaman
Hanjeli merupakan tanarnan pangan yang merniliki kandungan karbohidrat dan lemak tinggi digunakan sebagai sumber bahan pangan alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan plasma nutfah tanaman hanjeli (Coix lacryma-job L) yang tersebar di daerah Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk survey di Kabupaten Indramayu, Purwakarta, Sumedang, Ciancur dan Bandung. Koleksi plasma nutfah hanjeli diseleksi berdasarkan karakter morfologi, kandungan lemak dan produk olahan tepung hanjeli. Dari hash penelitian di 5 (lima) kabupaten tersebut telah diperoleh 41 plasma nutfah hanjeli yang ditemukan secara liar dan telah dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat. Keragaman genetik 41 plasma nutfah hanjeli 0,39 (39 persen) berdasarkan karakter morfologi in situ dan dikelompokan menjadi dua kelompok utama. Penampilan fenotipik karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif plasma nutfah hanjeli in situ yang lebih balk adalah Acc 1, Acc 2, Acc 4, Acc 5, Acc 6, Acc 6, Acc 11, Acc 13, Acc 215 Acc 22, Acc 23, Acc 28, Acc 34, Acc 35. Berdasarkan analisis kandungan lemak yang balk adalah Acc 115 Acc 23, Acc 24, Acc 27, Acc 28, Acc 29, Acc 30, Acc 31, Acc 31 dan Acc 37. Hasil olahan yang berupa bubur hanjeli lebih disukai adalah Acc 1 dan Acc 4 dibandingkan Acc 10 dan Acc 28.
Job’s tears is an alternative food source that has high contents of carbohydrate and fat. The research aims to obtain germ plasmas of Job’s tears plant (Coix lacryma-jobiL.) spread in the areas of West Java. The method of experiment is in form of survey in districts of lndramayu, Purwakarta, Sumedang, Ciancur and Bandung. Job’s tears germ plasms collection is selected based on morphological characters, the content of fat and processed flour products of job’s tears. The results showed that there are 41 job’s tears germ plasms found in wild life and cultivated by farmers. The genetic diversity of germ plasms of job’s tears is 0.39 (39 percent) based on morphological characters. The germ plasms of job’s tears are divided into two main groups. Phenotypic performance of the characters of qualitative and quantitative in-situ germ plasms of job’s tears are Acc1, Acc2, Acc4, Acc5, Acc6, Acc6, Acc11, Acc13, Acc21, Acc22, Acc23, Acc28, Acc34, ‘Acc35. Based on the analysis of fat content, there are Acc11, Acc23, Acc24, Acc27, Q. Acc28, Acc29, Acc30, Acc31, Acc31 and Acc37. In the form of processed porridge of job’s tears, Acc1 and Acc4 are preferred compared to Acc10 and Acc28.