Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

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Hubungan Pelaksanaan Fungsi Perawatan Kesehatan Keluarga dengan Perkembangan Anak Usia di Bawah Dua Tahun (Baduta) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sukakarya Kabupaten Garut

Meskipun Keterlambatan perkembangan merupakan masalah yang sering dijumpai, tapi masih belum menjadi perhatian keluarga. Pelaksanaan fungsi perawatan kesehatan melalui lima tugas keluarga sebagai bentuk perilaku, menggambarkan pengetahuan keluarga mengenal masalah; sikap keluarga mengambil keputusan; praktek keluarga merawat, memodifikasi lingkungan dan memanfaatkan fasilitas kesehatan perlu dipahami keluarga agar mampu memberikan perawatan mandiri dalam deteksi dini perkembangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pelaksanaan fungsi perawatan keluarga (pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktek) dengan perkembangan anak baduta. Penelitian berlokasi di Kabupaten Garut, populasi berupa keluarga dengan anak baduta dan sampelnya adalah seratus keluarga dengan anak baduta, diambil secara random sampling. Metode penelitian dengan studi cross sectional. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner fungsi perawatan keluarga dan KPSP. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson (r) dan signifikansi hubungan didasarkan p-value <0,05 dan nilai koefisien r. Hasil analisis deskriptif bahwa setengahnya (52%) keluarga berpengetahuan tinggi dalam mengenal masalah perkembangan. Setengahnya (59%) keluarga bersikap negatif dalam mengambil keputusan terkait perkembangan anak baduta. Setengahnya (55%) keluarga melakukan praktek yang kurang baik dalam merawat, memodifikasi lingkungan dan memanfaatkan fasilitas kesehatan. Hampir setengahnya (40%) anak baduta beresiko mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan dan berkorelasi positif antara pelaksanaan fungsi perawatan kesehatan keluarga (pengetahuan (p= 0,00; r= 0.69), sikap (p= 0,00; r= 0.31) dan praktek (p= 0,00; r= 0,38)) dengan perkembangan anak baduta. Kesimpulannya bahwa pelaksanaan fungsi perawatan keluarga merupakan faktor penting dalam mengoptimalkan perkembangan anak baduta, sehingga kegiatan skrining dengan melibatkan keluarga sebagai upaya penemuan dini kasus keterlambatan perkembangan sangat penting dilakukan. Diharapkan bagi praktisi lapangan dapat ditingkatkan kembali kegiatan promotif berupa sosialisasi dan penyuluhan bagi keluarga, serta upaya preventif melalui skrining perkembangan.

Even though delayed growth is a common problem, but it is still not a family concern. The implementation of health care functions is through five families tasks as a form of behavior, describe family knowledge to recognize problems; family attitudes to make a decision; family practice of treating, modifying the environment and use health facilities need to be understood so that families are able to provide self-care in the early detection of development. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the implementation of family care functions (knowledges, attitudes, and practices) and Baduta's development. The study was located in Garut district. The population was families having Baduta with a hundred samples chosen randomly. Cross sectional study used as the research method. The collecting data was through interviews using questionnaires of family care functions and KPSP. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Test and the significant of correlation was based of p-value <0.05 and coefficient value 'r'. The descriptive analysis showed that almost a half (52%) of respondent knowledgeable in recognizing developmental problems. Amount 59% of them was negative on making decisions related to Baduta's development. More than a half (55%) families perform less well in the practice of treating, modifying the environment and health facilities. Nearly half (40%) of families were risk for Baduta's developmental. Correlation test result showed that significant and positive relationship between implementation of family health care functions (knowledge (p = 0.00; r = 0.69), attitude (p = 0.00; r = 0.31), practice (p = 0.00; r = 0.38)) and Baduta's development. In conclusions, the maintenance functions implementation of the family is an important factor to optimize Baduta's development. So the screening activities by involving the family in an attempt early detection of developmental delay case were very important. The practitionersare expected to improve promotion activities to socialize and to counsel the family. Besides that, the prevention measure is expected applied by them through developmental screening.