Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

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Dampak Pencemaran Limbah Tekstil Terhadap Kerusakan Struktur Organ Ikan Yang Hidup di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum Bagian Hulu – Textile Industrial Waste Pollution Impact Upon Organ Structure Damage On Fish In Upper Citarum River

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar logam kromium (Cr) pada air sungai, insang, hati dan ginjal ikan serta mengetahui tingkat kerusakan struktur insang, hati dan ginjal ikan secara histopatologis. Ikan yang dijadikan obyek penelitian adalah ikan yang terdapat dan tertangkap di DAS Citarum bagian hulu, diantaranya ikan sapu, betok,sepat, gabus, glosom, nila, mujair, mas, paray dan lele. Penelitian dilakukan pada empat stasiun di Sungai Citarum bagian hulu, yaitu: Situ Cisanti, Majalaya, Sapan dan Dayeuhkolot. Pada penelitian ini sampel dibedakan menjadi 3 yaitu, untuk histologi, analisa kadar kromium pada organ dan uji kualitas air. Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu, pH, DO, kadar Cr pada air dan kadar Cr pada insang, hati dan ginjal ikan serta perubahan kondisi histologipada organ tersebut.Secara umum kondisi histologi insang, hati dan ginjal ikan telah mengalami perubahan atau kerusakan. Kerusakan yang terjadi pada insang, hati dan ginjal ikan diakibatkan adanya kromium yang terakumulasi pada insang (2,25-29,06 ppm), hati (7,19-76,73 ppm) dan ginjal (9,54-28,88 ppm). Sedangkan pada sampel air Sungai Citarum bagian hulu kadar logam kromium berkisar antara0,085-0,1223 ppm.

The purposes of this research was to identified heavy metal concentration of chromium (Cr) in the river water, gills, liver and kidney of fish and to determine the level of damage structure the gills, liver and kindey of fish histopathologically. Fish object for this research were caught in the upper Citarum watershed, fish caught during this study include plecostomus,climbing gouramy,three spot gourami, common snakehead, goldsaum,nile tilapia,mozambique tilapia, carp, paray fish and catfish. The study was conducted at four stations in the Upper Citarum River, namely: Situ Cisanti, Majalaya, Sapan and Dayeuhkolot. Sample were distinguished for 3 kind of samples wich were for histological, analysis of chromium levels in organs, and water quality testing. Observed parametersinclude temperature, pH, DO, Cr levels in the water and levels of Cr from the gills, liver and kidneys of fish and histological changes in the condition of the organ. In general histology gills, liver and kidney of fish has been amended or damage. Damage in the gills, liver and kidneys of fish was caused by the presence of accumulated chromium in the gills (2.25-29.06 ppm), liver (7.19-76.73 ppm), and kidney (9.54-28.88 ppm). Whereas in the upper Citarum River water samples metal chromium levels ranged from 0.085-0.1223 ppm.