Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

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Persepsi Masyarakat Tentang Layanan Ekosistem Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak

Pengelolaan taman nasional pada prinsipnya bertujuan untuk menjamin kelestarian sumber daya alam serta dapat meningkatkan meningkatkan manfaat bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal. Sistem pengelolaan hutan di kawasan konservasi yang selama ini diterapkan di Indonesia lebih utama ditujukan bagi pelestarian sumber daya alam dan ekosistemnya. Terdapat hubungan yang erat antara manusia dan hutan, masyarakat cenderung mengambil manfaat dari hutan tidak hanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, namun juga mendapat manfaat dari sisi ekologi seperti pengatur kualitas udara dan air, pencegah erosi dan banjir, serta perlindungan terhadap keanekaragaman hayati dan sistem penyangga kehidupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui ketergantungan masyarakat kepada hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS) dan pemanfaatannya (2) mengetahui persepsi masyarakat Desa Malasari tentang layanan ekosistem TNGHS. Penelitian persepsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian campuran (mixed method) dengan teknik sequential exploratory. Jumlah responden sebanyak 92 orang kepala keluarga yang berdomisili di Desa Malasari Kecamatan Nanggung dan dipilih secara acak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor persepsi masyarakat tentang layanan ekosistem TNGHS berada pada kategori “baik” (78,43%). Skor persepsi layanan ekosistem untuk masing-masing katergori layanan adalah : (1) layanan penyediaan (provisioning) sebesar 81,17%, (2) layanan pengaturan (regulating) sebesar 77,50%, (3) layanan budaya (cultural) sebesar 78,80%, dan (4) layanan pendukung (supporting) sebesar 76,25%. Dari nilai tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa layanan penyediaan (provisioning) merupakan layanan yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Desa Malasari. Manfaat yang disediakan oleh hutan adalah air dan kayu bakar. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat, dalam penelitian ini dibatasi 5 variabel independen yang diduga mempunyai korelasi dengan variabel dependen yaitu persepsi masyarakat tentang layanan ekosistem TNGHS. Variabel independen tersebut yaitu umur, lama tinggal, pendidikan, luas lahan garapan, dan pendapatan. Melalui uji linier regresi berganda, diketahui bahwa variabel umur, lama tinggal, dan luas lahan garapan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap persepsi masyarakat, sedangkan variabel tingkat pendidikan dan pendapatan berpengaruh sebaliknya (negatif). Pada uji korelasi ganda (R) diketahui bahwa seluruh variabel independen secara bersama-sama mempunyai hubungan yang sangat kuat terhadap variabel dependen yaitu persepsi masyarakat tentang layanan ekosistem TNGHS.

The principle of national parks management is to ensure the sustainability of natural resources and to improve the walfare and benefit to local communities. Forest management system in the conservation area that has been applied in Indonesia are more particulary intended for the preservation of natural resources and its ecosystem. However, there is a distinguished relationship between humans and forests, people tend to take for granted the benefit that derived from forest, not only to fulfill thein basic needs but also to get ecological benefit such as water and air regulation, flood and erosion prevention, and the protection of biodiversity and live support system. This research is aimed to (1) acknowledge the community dependency on the Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) forests, (2) acknowledge the community perception of the ecosystem services of Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) in Malasari Village. This research is conducted by using mixed method with sequential exploratory technique. The total of respondent approximately 92 of head of house hold in Malasari Village Nanggung District, the respondent were selected with random sampling method. The result shows that the community perception score is in “good” category (78,43%). The Perception scores for each services are : (1) provisioning services score 81,17% are in “very good” category, (2) regulating services score 77,50% are in “good” category, (3) cultural services score 78,80% are in “good” category, (4) supporting services score 76,25% are also in “good” category. From the score, we can determined that the provisioning services are most widely used by the local communities in Malasari Village. The forest product that widely consume by the locals are water and firewood. There are several factor that can influence the community perception, which in this research is limited to 5 independent variable that predicted to have correlation with dependent variabel, the community perception of ecosystem services. The variables were namely as : age, length of stay, education level, the amount of arable land, and income. By using the multiple linear regression analisys, the result show that age, length of stay, and the amount of arable land have proven positively and significantly influence the perception. On the education level and income variable, the result are in opposite manner. From the multiple correlation test (R), the result show that every independent variable simultaneously make a very strong correlation with dependent variable.