Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstrak

Kajian Layanan Ekosistem Pada Sistem Agroforestri Berbasis Kopi Di Desa Cisero, Garut

Kebun kopi yang dikembangkan melalui sistem agroforestri dan kemudian dikelola dengan baik akan menjamin kelangsungan struktur dan proses ekologi di dalamnya. Interaksi antar struktur ekosistem memungkinkan terjadinya berbagai proses ekologis, diantaranya produksi biomassa, siklus nutrisi, serta perlindungan dan habitat satwa liar. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui jenis dan bentuk layanan ekosistem pada sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi di Desa Cisero, mengungkap pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap layanan ekosistem serta mengidentifikasi praktik pengelolaan tata guna lahan dan strategi pengelolaan lingkungan untuk mempertahankan layanan pada sistem tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode campuran. Metode kualitatif digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi pandangan informan mengenai jenis dan bentuk layanan ekosistem pada sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi serta upaya pengelolaan praktik agroforestri dalam rangka merumuskan strategi untuk mempertahankannya. Metode kuantitatif digunakan dalam pengumpulan data pengetahuan masyarakat terkait layanan ekosistem melalui survey dengan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis layanan ekosistem yang tersedia pada sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi di Desa Cisero meliputi jasa penyediaan, jasa pengaturan, jasa pendukung dan jasa kultural. Masyarakat mengetahui keberadaan pohon peneduh serta manfaat yang disediakan. Pisang (Musa paradisiaca), nangka (Artocarpus heterophylla) dan alpukat (Persea americana) merupakan 3 jenis pohon penaung kopi yang memberikan layanan penyediaan berupa sumber pangan. Sementara, eukaliptus (Eucalyptus spp.), suren (Toona sureni) dan sobsi (Maesopsis eminii) seringkali dijumpai membentuk komposisi tanaman pelindung kopi di Desa Cisero serta menyediakan 3 bentuk layanan penyediaan berupa sumber energi (kayu bakar) dan pakan (hijauan). Selain itu, masyarakat dapat mengklasifikasikan fungsi pohon pelindung kopi secara lokal, yakni memelihara kesuburan tanah, perlindungan air, dan mengurangi risiko erosi. Sebanyak 79,27 % masyarakat pernah melihat dan mengamati satwa liar pada lahan agroforestri kopi yang dikelolanya. Sebagian besar satwa liar yang diketahui berasal dari kelas Aves dan Mammalia, meliputi 20 spesies burung dan 5 spesies mamalia. Strategi yang perlu dilakukan dalam mempertahankan layanan ekosistem, yakni mengintegrasikan beberapa tema manajemen ekosistem (manajemen adaptif, kerjasama antar lembaga dan keterlibatan masyarakat) dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi (tekanan dan status), potensi, daya dukung kawasan serta respons dari stakeholder.

Coffee plantations were developed through agroforestry and then managed properly will ensure continuity of the structure and ecological processes in it. Interaction between ecosystem structure allows the various ecological processes, including biomass production, nutrient cycling, and the protection of wildlife habitat. The aim of this research was to determine the type and form of ecosystem services in coffee-based agroforestry systems at Cisero Village, reveal society’s knowledge of the ecosystem services and to identify land use management practices and environmental management strategies to maintain services from the system. The study was conducted by using mixed methods. Qualitative methods was used to explore the views of informants on the types and forms of ecosystem services in coffee-based agroforestry systems and the efforts of agroforestry practices in order to formulate a strategy in maintaining the services. Quantitative methods was used to describing society’s knowledge of ecosystem services through survey questionnaires. The study results showed that the type of ecosystem services available in the coffeebased agroforestry systems at Cisero Village include provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services and cultural services. The public aware of the existence shade trees as well as the benefits provided. Banana (Musa paradisiaca), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophylla) and Avocado (Persea americana) are 3 species of shade trees that provide services such as the provision of food sources. Meanwhile, the Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), Suren (Toona sureni) and Sobsi (Maesopsis eminii) is often found to form a protective composition of the coffee crop in the Cisero Village and offers three forms of service provision in the form of a source of energy (firewood) and feed (forage). In addition, the society can classify the function of shade trees of coffee locally, ie maintaining soil fertility, water protection, and reduce the risk of erosion. A total of 79.27% of the society are aware of the existing of the wildlife on coffee agroforestry system. Most wildlife is known from the class Aves and Mammalia, including 20 species of birds and 5 species of mammals. The strategy needs to be done in maintaining ecosystem services, which integrate several themes of ecosystem management (adaptive management, inter-agency cooperation and community involvement) by considering the conditions (pressure and status), the potential, the carrying capacity of the region as well as the responses of the stakeholders.