Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstrak

Asupan Energi dan Protein Setelah Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Pemulihan Ibu Hamil Kurang Energi Kronik di Puskesmas Kota Surabaya

Masalah gizi yang paling umum dialami oleh ibu hamil adalah Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK). Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Pemulihan (PMT-P) diadakan untuk mengatasi masalah KEK, faktanya belum memberikan hasil sesuai harapan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan asupan energi dan protein setelah program PMT-P terhadap keberhasilan perbaikan status gizi ibu hamil. Rancangan penelitian adalah mixed method dengan strategi triangulasi konkuren. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian kuantitatif adalah consecutive sampling, dengan responden 47 ibu hamil KEK. Partisipan penelitian kualitatif diambil secara purposive sampling. Analisis data kuantitatif diolah dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program PMT-P pada ibu hamil KEK hanya mampu memperbaiki status gizi menjadi normal sebesar 13%. Asupan energi dan protein ibu hamil KEK setelah program PMT-P mampu mengubah status gizi menjadi normal sebesar 20%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan asupan energi dan protein setelah program PMT-P terhadap status gizi ibu hamil KEK dan normal (p>0,05). Penyebab ibu hamil KEK tidak mengalami perubahan status gizi setelah program PMT-P adalah pola makan, konsumsi makanan, status ekonomi, status kesehatan dan faktor internal yang meliputi pekerjaan dan pengetahuan.Simpulan penelitian ini adalah program PMT-P belum memberikan hasil sesuai harapan, ditandai dengan sedikitnya jumlah ibu hamil KEK yang mengalami perubahan status gizi menjadi normal. Terdapat faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi perbaikan status gizi ibu hamil KEK seperti pola makan, konsumsi makanan, status ekonomi, status kesehatan dan faktor internal yang meliputi pekerjaan dan pengetahuan. Hal yang dilakukan adalah dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan gizi seimbang ibu hamil melalui penyuluhan.

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is the most common nutritional problems experienced by pregnant women. Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Pemulihan (Recovery Supplement Feeding) or the PMT-P program is held to address the CED issue but the facts have not lived up to expectations. This study aims to determine the differences in energy and protein intake after the PMT-P program towards the success of improving the nutritional status of pregnant women.The design of this study is mixed method with concurrent triangulation strategy. The sampling technique is a quantitative research consecutive sampling, the number of respondents is 47 pregnant women with CED. Qualitative study participants are taken by purposive sampling. Analysis of quantitative data is processed by the Mann Whitney test. The results show that the PMT-P program in pregnant women with CED can only improve the nutritional status to normal by 13%. Energy and protein intake of pregnant women with CED after the PMT-P program can transform nutritional status to normal by 20%. There are no differences in energy and protein intake after the PMT-P program on nutritional status of normal pregnant women and those with CED (p>0.05). The causes of pregnant women with CED whose nutritional status remain unchanged after the PMT-P program are diet, food consumption, economic status, health status and internal factors that include work and knowledge. This study concludes that the PMT-P program has not lived up to expectations, is characterized by the least number of pregnant women with CED who experience changes into normal nutritional status. There are other factors affecting the improvement of the nutritional status of pregnant women with CED such as diet, food consumption, economic status, health status as well as the internal factors that include work and knowledge. Thus, it is advisable to increase the knowledge of balanced nutrition for pregnant women through counseling.