Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstrak

Pengembangan Komoditas Bernilai Tinggi (High Value Commodity) Untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Petani

Kebijakan swasembada beras merupakan titik keberhasilan dari kebijakan pertanian yang didukung program Bimas/Inmas tahun 1984. Secara politik ekonomi, periode 1980-1990 adalah masa kejayaan petani padi khususnya dan pertanian secara umum. Keberhasilan kebijakan tersebut berdampak terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan petani dan pengurangan kemiskinan. Namun pada periode 1990-2004 kontribusi pendapatan petani dari usahatani padi semakin menurun hingga 30 persen dan kontribusi sektor pertanian hanya mencapai 12,9 person pada tahun 2006, sementara 46 persen masyarakat menggantungkan kesempatan kerja pada sektor pertanian primer. Pada ssaat yang sama program-program pembangunan pertanian nasional sangat bias pada upaya penanganan pangan berbasis padi. Di sisi lain terjadi kenaikan pesat konsumsi dan peluang pasar komoditas sayuran dan buah segar yang secara ekonomi mgmpunyai hilai yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan komoditas padi. Peningkatan yang pesat komoditas hortikultura sekaligus merupakan transformasi pertanian dari komoditas subsistem ke komersial sekalipun respon kenaikan produksi lokal relatif rnasih tambat dibandingkan dengan produk impor yang mengalami kenaikan. Dengan demikian diperlukan kebijakan yang mendukung terjadinya transformasi pertanian menuju pengembangan komoditas bernilai tinggi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani.

The self-sufficiency in rice was considered as the most success of agricultural policy supported by Bimasanmas Program in 1984. Therefore, from economic political views, the period of 1980 to 1990 should be recognized as the highest achievement level for rice farmers. The impact of such achievement was the increasing welfare of farmers and the decreasing number of poor people. In contrary, during the period of 1990 to 2004, the contribution of farmer’s income from rice farming was sharply decreased to 30 percent and the contribution of agricultural sector was only 12.9 percent (2006). In one hand, 46 percent of the people were relying on working in primary agricultural sector and at the same time, the national agricultural development programs were centered on paddy-based food improvement. On the other hand, the increasing level of consumption and market opportunity of fresh fruits and vegetables was experienced, and these commodities have high economic values compared to paddy. The vastly increasing of horticultural crops production has been considered as the era of agricultural transformation from subsistent commodities to commercial one, although the response to the increasing local production is relatively slower than the increasing amount of imported commodities. In this connection, policy to support agricultural transformation toward the development of high economic value commodities should be formulated in order to improve farmer’s income.