Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

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Analisis Penurunan Produksi Tanaman Padi Akibat Perubahan Iklim Di Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat (Analysis Of Decreasing Production Of Paddy Due To Climate Change In Bandung District West Java)

Perubahan iklim mempunyai pengaruh signifikan pada budidaya tanaman padi, karena budidaya tanaman padi mempunyai ketergantungan yang kuat terhadap unsur iklim terutama curah hujan dan temperatur. Terkait dengan hal itu telah dilakukan kajian dampak perubahan iklim terhadap penurunan produksi tanaman padi di wilayah kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan unsur iklim (curah hujan dan temperature) terhadap produksi tanaman padi dan mengidentifikasi usaha adaptasi yang harus dilakukan oleh para petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak perubahan iklim di wilayah kabupaten Bandung sudah dirasakan oleh petani yang diindikasikan oleh bergesernya musim tanam dan waktu panen, penurunan luas tanam dan panen, perubahan produktivitas dan produksi padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan dan lahan sawah ½ irigasi. Ada beberapa kecamatan yang mengalami bahaya (hazard) penurunan produksi tanaman padi adalah kecamatan Cicalengka, Pangalengan, Ciwidey, Solokanjeruk, dan Ciparay. Wilayah mengalami kerentanan (vulnerability) akibat perubahan iklim adalah kecamatan Pasirjambu, Cimaung, Pangalengan, Kertasari, dan Pacet (tingkat kerentanan sangat tinggi). Wilayah yang mempunyai risiko penurun-an produksi tanaman padi adalah kecamatan Pasirjambu, Cimaung, dan Ciparay. Ada beberapa usaha adaptasi strategis untuk menghadapi risiko penurunan produksi tanaman padi akibat perubahan iklim adalah penggunaan varitas padi unggul yang tahan kekeringan/ banjir serta berumur genjah; meningkatkan teknik dan intensifikasi budidaya tanaman padi misalnya PTT, SRI, dan sistem Legowo; dan optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan tidur dan pembukaan lahan sawah baru.

Climate change has a significant impact on paddy cultivation, because paddy cultivation has a heavy reliance on climate elements, especially rainfall and temperature. Associated with it has been studied the impact of climate change on the decreating production of paddy in the area of Bandung District, West Java. The research object was to determine the impacts of climate change on the decreating production of paddy and identify adaptation efforts should be done by farmers. The results of study showed that the impact of climate change in Bandung Diatrict has been felt by farmers that’s indicated by the shift of the growing season and harvest time, a decrease in planting and harvested area, changes in productivity and production of paddy in the rainfed and semi-irrigated lands. There are some sub-districts that experienced a hazard on decrease in the production of paddy are the Cicalengka, Pangalengan, Ciwidey, Solokanjeruk, and Ciparay. The regions experienced a vulnerability to climate change are Pasirjambu, Cimaung, Pangalengan, Kertasari, and Pacet Sub-Districts (very high level of vulnerability). There are region that are at risk of decrease in the production of paddy are Pasirjambu, Cimaung, and Ciparay Sub-Districts. There are several strategic adaptation efforts to deal with the risk of a decline in production of paddy due to climate change are the use of highyielding paddy varieties that’s resistant to drought/floods and early harvested; improving techniques and intensification of paddy cultivation for example PTT, SRI, and the Legowo System; and optimalization the utilization of idle land and create new wetland.