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Impact Of Land Use Changes On Kuranji River Basin Functions As A Source Of Irrigation In Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Impact Of Land Use Changes On Kuranji River Basin Functions As A Source Of Irrigation In Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia
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Inggris
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Kuranji River Basin is one of river basin in Padang, which plays important role to support people livelihood along the river especially as a source for irrigation and fish culture. Land use changes take place along Kuranji River Basin from 1994-2002. Land use changes has been examined from the comparison of Land Utilization Map in 1994 which is derived from BPN and satellite image from Landsat ETM + in 2002, and also supported by various secondary data from biophysical and socio-economic aspect. Land use along Kuranji River Basin has been changes as; annually forest area reduce as much as 209.3 Ha, while agro forest (mix garden) only increase 5.56 Ha, shrubs increase 140.29 Ha, agriculture field increase 80.51 Ha, and rice field reduce 299.73 Ha, settlement increase 207.13 Ha, and others (water bodies, road, etc) increase 76.19 Ha. The driving factors of land use changes in Kuranji River Basin can be classified as combination of population pressure and socio economic factors.

People in upstream already know the importance of forest for their livelihood. They consider forest as hydrological regulation (30.0%), biodiversity conservation (20.0%), environmental protection (20.0%), source of livelihood (7.14%) and other (12.86%). Since farming activities is mainly people upstream occupation and source of income, it is conventional wisdom which says that the existing of forest will ensure water availability in river and irrigation channel. This also include in several local wisdom which is believed by most of Minangkabau people. To secure their farming activities, people in upstream limit their self logging timber in state forest. That why, people in upstream maintain the existence of forest, and only doing farming activity in their communal forest as an agro forest.

Water demand for both irrigation systems in Kuranji River Basin is 4.7 L/s, irrigation flow 6 liter/second will enough to watering all the functional area of rice field since there is a reduction in the total amount of rice field area in that location.

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