Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstrak

Bruxism

Makalah ini meninjau fenomena bruxism yang merujuk pada keadaan menggerakan gigi-gigi (grinding) atau mengatupkan rahang dengan keras (clenching) sewaktu bangun dan tidur malam. Prevalensi bruxism akan berkurang sesuai dengan meningkatnya usia, dari 14%-18% pada anak-anak, 8% pada usia dewasa dan 3% pada lansia. Pada literatur terdapat 2 kelompok faktor etiologi bruxism yaitu periferal (morfologis) dan sentral (pathophysiologis dan psikologis). Saat ini, fenomena bruxism lebih mengarah pada faktor sentral. Tanda dan gejala bruxism antara lain keausan gigi, abfraksi, gejala sakit orofasial, perubahan ligamen periodontal, gigi goyang, gigi sensitif, fraktur gigi dan tambalan, sakit telinga, sakit kepala, otot pegal, jaringan pipi yang tergigit, serta adanya impak terhadap estetik. Beberapa pendekatan klinis dilakukan untuk mengatasi bruxism yang dikategorikan sebagai pengelolaan akut, preventif dan kronik, berdasarkan tanda dan gejala bruxism. Gejala akut diatasi dengan obat-obatan, sedang intervensi preventif dengan occlusal splint atau night guard dan pengelolaan stres. Fenomena bruxism perlu diwaspadai oleh dokter gigi dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya karena adanya kecenderungan peningkatan penderita bruxism.

This paper reviewed of bruxism phenomenon that refers to the grinding or clenching of the teeth during awake or night sleep. The prevalence of bruxism decreases with age from 14% to 18% in childhood, 8% of adult population and 3% in the elderly. According to the existing literature, two groups of proposed etiological factors can be distinguished: peripheral (morphological) and central (pathophysiological and psychological). At present, the bruxism is more often thought to be regulated centrally, not peripherally. Signs and symptoms of bruxism such as tooth wear/dental attrision, abfractions, orofacial pain, change of periodontal ligament, mobility, tooth sensitivity, fractured teeth and fillings, earache, headache, tightness of jaw muscle, chewed tissue on the inside of your cheek, impact on the esthetic appearance of a smile. There have been many clinical approaches to the treatment of bruxism. These can be categorized as acute, preventive and chronic management of bruxism, based on patient’s signs and symptoms. In the case of acute symptoms with patients experiencing pain, pharmacotherapeutics may be required. Meanwhile, if tooth wear is present an occlusal splint and stress management are recommended. Dentists and health professinals should be aware of increasing the phenomenon of bruxism.