Pustaka Ilmiah Universitas Padjadjaran

Abstrak

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Dan Ekstrak Air Kelopak Bunga Rosela (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Terhadap Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Galur Labkes-026 (Multi Drug Resisten) Dan L.) Dan Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Galur H37rv Secara In Vitro

Tuberkulosa (TBC) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tanaman rosela berkhasiat dalam pengobatan TBC. Pada penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air dan zat warna yang terkandung dalam tanaman rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) mempunyai efek mematikan terhadap Mycobacterium tuberculosis penyebab TBC. Hasil penapisan fitokimia menunjukan pada ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak air mengandung senyawa golongan polifenolat, tanin dan flavonoid. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak air kelopak bunga rosela terhadap Mycobacterium tuberculosis galur Labkes-026 (multi-drug resistant) dan Mycobacterium tuberculosis galur H37Rv secara in vitro. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode pengenceran tabung. Setelah satu minggu diukur absorbansi dan dilakukan pewarnaan BTA (Basil Tahan Asam). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak air dan ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosela pada Mycobacterium tuberculosis galur H37Rv tidak memberikan efek yang berbeda terhadap absorbansi. Konsentrasi ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosela pada Mycobacterium tuberculosis galur Labkes-026 (multi-drug resistant) 40%, 60%, dan 80% memberikan pengaruh yang tidak berbeda satu sama lain terhadap absorbansi, tetapi berbeda nyata jika dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 100% karena memberikan pengaruh absorbansi yang paling rendah, yaitu rata-rata sebesar 0,662, sedangkan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga rosela pada Mycobacterium tuberculosis galur Labkes-026 (multi-drug resistant) 20% merupakan konsentrasi dengan rata-rata absorbansi yang paling tinggi, yaitu sebesar 1,195. Konsentrasi ekstrak air pada M. tuberculosis galur Labkes-026 (multi-drug resistant) yang berlainan memberikan efek yang berbeda terhadap absorbansi. Konsentrasi ekstrak air pada M. tuberculosis galur Labkes-026 (multidrug resistant) 60% dan 80% memberikan pengaruh yang tidak berbeda nyata terhadap absorbansi. Konsentrasi ekstrak air pada M. tuberculosis galur Labkes026 (multi-drug resistant) 80% dan 100% juga memberikan pengaruh yang tidak berbeda satu sama lain terhadap absorbansi, tetapi antara konsentrasi 60% dengan konsentrasi 100% memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata. Konsentrasi ekstrak air pada M. tuberculosis galur Labkes-026 (multi-drug resistant) 20% merupakan konsentrasi dengan rata-rata absorbansi yang paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 1,591, sedangkan konsentrasi ekstrak air pada M. tuberculosis galur Labkes-026 (multi-drug resistant) 100% memberikan pengaruh absorbansi yang paling rendah, yaitu rata-rata sebesar -0,027.

Tuberculosis (TBC) is an infectional disease which caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Roselle plants given an effect in TBC curing process. At previous research showed that water extract and pigment essence which contained in Roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) has a deadly effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causing TBC disease. Phytochemical determination result showed that at ethanol and water extract containing poliphenol, tannin and flavonoid compounds. In this research, it had been does performed examination of ethanol and water extract activities againts Roselle calyx to Mycobacterium tuberculosis of strain H37Rv and Labkes-026. The examination of anti-bacterial activities had been done by in vitro. Eksperiment anti-bacterial activities test by tube liquifiying method. After one weeks, the absorbances were measured and BTA (Acid Resistant Basil) colouring process were taken. Research results showed that both ethanol extract of Roselle calyx with different concentration of Mycobacterium tubercolosis of strain H37Rv didn’t given the different effects into againts absorbance concentration of ethanol extract of Roselle calyx concentration to Mycobacterium tuberculosis of strain Labkes-026 (multi-drug resistant) at 40%, 60%, and 80% had given indiferent influences each other to absorbances, but giving a great differences if compared with 100% concentration because it showed the lowest absorbances effects, which was in total average of 0,662. But the ethanol extract of Roselle calyx in Mycobacterium tuberculosis of strain Labkes-026 (multi-drug resistant) at 20% was the concentrations with average absorbance level of which the highest level too at 1,195. Againts concentration of water extract M. tuberculosis strain Labkes-026 (multi-drug resistant) given, different effect to absorbance. Concentration of water extract to M. tuberculosis strain Labkes-026 ( multi-drug resistant) 60% and 80% didn’t given real different influence to absorbance. Concentration of water extract to M. tuberculosis strain Labkes-026 ( multi-drug resistant) 80% and 100% alsodidn’t give different influence one another to absorbance. But between concentration at 60% and 100% gives different influence of reality. The concentration of the research are both of ethanol and water extract of ethanol have activity against H37Rv and Labkes-026 strains M. tuberculosis 20% was average highest absorbance that is 1,591, while concentration of water extract at M. tuberculosis strain Labkes-026 (multi-drug resistant) 100% had given lowest absorbance influence, that is mean equal -0,027.